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The main symptoms of Parkinson's

The main symptoms of Parkinson's people can develop are tremor (shaking), rigidity and slowness of movement.

Parkinson's is a very individual condition, with each person experiencing different symptoms.

Lubna Arif, Research team

The order in which Parkinson's symptoms appear and the way symptoms progress differs from person to person.

Symptoms often start on one side of the body and then, over a period of time, go on to affect both sides.

In our Real life stories section people with Parkinson's share their experiences of developing Parkinson's symptoms and diagnosis.

Parkinson's and tremor

Tremor (shaking) is a rhythmical movement that can't be controlled, often starting in one hand.

As the Parkinson's tremor usually appears when a person's muscles are relaxed, it is called a 'resting tremor'.

This means that the affected body part trembles when it is not doing work, and it normally improves when a person begins an action. Anxiety can also make tremor worse.

It is estimated that tremor occurs in about 70% of people with Parkinson's, so not everyone with the condition has this symptom.

Parkinson's tremor usually worsens over time, often spreading up the arm and then to the foot on the same side of the body.

After several years, Parkinson's tremor can spread to affect the other side of the body, but the tremor is likely to be milder.

In the early stages the tremor can be suppressed by squeezing or rolling a ball, pen or similar object in the hand.

Parkinson's drugs such as levodopa, can also reduce or even stop tremor. Our treating Parkinson's section or our Drug treatment of Parkinson's booklet can tell you more about the treatment of Parkinson's.

Read more on how tremor develops in our Tremor and Parkinson's information sheet.

Slowness of movement

People with Parkinson's may find that starting a movement and performing everyday tasks can be difficult.

The medical term for slowness of movement is bradykinesia.

People who have bradykinesia may walk with short, shuffling steps. This is called festination.

Slowness of movement and rigidity can occur in muscles in the face. This can affect facial expressions and result in a 'mask-like' appearance.

Losing the ability to communicate through facial expressions can be both frustrating and depressing.

Speech and language therapists can help you with exercises that can help keep your facial muscles more flexible.

Our Speech and language therapy information sheet explains how an early referral to a therapist can improve the effectiveness of the treatment.

Rigidity and Parkinson's

Exercise classRigidity means stiffness or inflexibility of the muscles and can cause pain and cramping.

Parkinson's can prevent muscles from stretching and relaxing.

A person who has rigidity may not be able to swing his or her arms when walking because the muscles are too tight.

Exercising regularly can help maintain movement, strengthen muscles and increase mobility.

Our Keeping Moving exercise booklet and DVD provide exercise instructions that are especially beneficial for those in the earlier stages of Parkinson's, but can be tried by anyone.

Find out more about coping with muscular rigidity, aches and pains in our Muscle cramps and dystonia information sheet.

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