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Transcript - Dr David Dexter interview on Parkinson's UK Brain Bank

Dr David Dexter, Scientific Director of the Parkinson's UK Brain Bank, describes the work of the Brain Bank.

WatchDr David Dexter interview on Parkinson's UK Brain Bank


The Parkinson's Disease Society [now Parkinson's UK] Brain Bank is located at Imperial College, London and is funded by the Parkinson's Disease Society. It functions as one of the largest national tissue resources for researches researching into Parkinson's disease and other Parkinson's related disorders.

Looking at the brains of people who have been affected by Parkinson's disease is essential if we’re going to find out what's actually going wrong in the disease.

So far donated human tissue has helped research in a number of ways. Firstly, it led to the discovery of one of the major drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease, namely L-dopa (levodopa). The donated human tissue showed that there was a deficiency in dopamine and then this led to the discovery of a precursor, i.e. that L-dopa could be used to treat Parkinson's.

In the future the donated tissue is going to help us understand the mechanisms behind Parkinson's disease, which will lead to better drug treatments and a better clinical management of the disease.

The registration process itself is quite simple. The donor and the next of kin simply sign a set of consent forms and then they carry a donor card. When a donor dies the next or kin or hospital that they are actually located in contacts the tissue bank and we arrange with the local mortuaries, who take the tissue for us and then one of our team goes up to the hospital to collect the tissue and bring it back here for further dissection.

Once the brain comes back here basically we divide the brain into two halves. The first half we slice into thick sections and then snap freeze it, so that it's preserved in a very good nature so that research can be carried out on the tissue. The other half we placed in a fixative, and then again we take different regions of the brain and then in order to look at the different cells we take very thin sections and stain them with various different staining techniques.

Using these techniques allows us to diagnose whether the person had Parkinson's disease or whether they had a different Parkinson's disorder during life.

Once we've made the diagnosis on the tissue that comes in, the tissue is then available for researchers. Each brain can supply a number of research projects, but it depends on the type of tissue the researchers request. If they are looking for tissue sections each brain can supply many research projects around the UK and also worldwide.

Basically anyone can sign up to the Brain Donor Register, and it's important that we have people affected by the condition and also those who are 'normal' healthy individuals, because it's important to compare the changes which are associated with normal aging to those that are actually associated with the condition themselves.

It's only by looking at these changes that we will unearth the cause of Parkinson's disease and lead to a cure.

It's very easy to register on the Brain Donor Register, simply visit the Parkinson's Disease Society website or call the freephone helpline on 0808 800 0303