What causes Parkinson's?
In Parkinson's there is a loss of nerve cells in the part of the
brain known as the substantia nigra.
These cells are responsible for producing a chemical known as
dopamine, which allows messages to be sent to the parts of the
brain that co-ordinate movement.
With the depletion of dopamine-producing cells, these parts of
the brain are unable to function normally.
When about 80% of the dopamine has been lost, the symptoms of
Parkinson's appear and the level of dopamine will continue to fall
slowly over many years.
The reason why the loss of dopamine occurs in the brains of
people with Parkinson's is currently unknown. Most researchers
believe it is likely that many factors play a role in causing
Parkinson's. Areas of research into the cause include genetics and
environmental factors.
Genetic research
Scientists have, to date, identified nine genes linked to
Parkinson's, of which the parkin gene is most commonly associated
with the familial form of Parkinson's. Abnormalities in this gene
are particularly prevalent with young-onset Parkinson's
disease.
Research will also help to understand which factors are involved
in the formation, survival and death of dopamine-producing
neurons.
To find out more about the parkin gene, download the Role of parkin in
Parkinson's disease booklet in PDF (6KB).
Environment research
There is some evidence that environmental factors (toxins) may
cause dopamine-producing neurons to die, leading to the development
of Parkinson's. Several toxins have been shown to cause
Parkinson's-like symptoms.
There may also be a link between use of herbicides and pesticides and the development of
Parkinson's.
To find out more about current research, please visit our
Research pages.
|
